Method and apparatus for manufacturing pottery ware



1945 W. 4. MILLER 2,387,927

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING POTTEEY HARE Original Filed Feb.24, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 z g l/L O 1 5 Oct. 30, 1945. w. J. MILLER2,337,927

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING POTTERY WARE Original Fild Feb.24, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I I I 1 I i 1 fl I I 1 I:

INVENTOR W L/am JM/LAi/E a F 2. BY

,l U y Patented Get. 30, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE METHOD ANDAPPARATUS FOR MANUFAC- TURINGPOTTERY WARE I William J. Miller,Swlssvale; Pa, asslgnor to Miller Pottery Engineering Company,Swissvale, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Originalapplication February 24, 194:, Serial No. 476,939. Divided and thisapplication January 13, 1 44, Serial No. 518,080

25 Claims.

clay pins hereinafter called sagger pins in-[ serted' in holes in thewall of the sagger are used to support the ware so that the glaze willnot be unduly injured during firing. Sagger pins are triangular incross-section so that they contact the were as little as possible andthree pins spaced at approximately 120 apart are used to support eachindividual piece of ware, although the spacing may not be exact and thepoint of contact may not be the same for any two pieces.

Other types of burrs or unwanted protuberances which project above thelevel of the surface of the ware are produced by stray bits and scrapsof clay which escape the spongers notice and become glazed over infiring and there may be other causes of burrs of which I am not aware.

During firing, the glaze melts and becomes soft allowing the pins tosink-in thereby displacing the glaze and raising protuberances whichtake a permanent set when the glaze coois and hardens. As a rule, theglaze and pin become bonded together and a piece of the pin breaks oilwhen the ware is removed from the sagger. These burrs while they are notlarge are nevertheless unsightly and detract from the appearance of theware. If the burrs contain pieces of sa'gger pins, they are apt to havesharp, ragged edges which can cut and injure the fingers.

Heretofore, it has been customary to laboriously chip ofl. thesehardened'burrs by hand using an implement such as a chisel. Burrs do notcome off easily and care must be taken against breaking the fragilewere. In the cheaper grades, the product is passable and thereforemerchantable if only the top of the burr, is knocked off and the sharp,ragged edges smoothed off. This leaves the surface of theware somewhatless unsightly. In the case of high-grade ware, such as china orporcelain, the last vestiges of the burr are removed by grinding themdown to the surface of the were or almost to the surface. Care must betaken not to grind off or scarify the glaze surrounding the burr becausethis produces a permanent blemish and therefore the root of the burr mayremain but it is hardly noticeable, in

appearance and will, of course, not be injurious to the fingers.

Being done by hand, the work is slow and tedious and the average potteryis compelled to employ large numbers of chippers and grinders in orderto keep pace with production throughout the balance of the plant. Theadvent of high-speed,

, mass-producing forming and drying machinery,

such as that in my Patent No. 2,046,525 and the increased'out-put ofware resulting therefrom has created the need for efliclent time andlaborsaving machinery and practices in what I shall call the waredressing department where the sagger pin burrs are removed, this inorder to 1 place production in the aforesaid department of the potteryon 9. equal footing with the fabricating department both from thestandpoint of economy and production capacity and otherwise.

\ Therefore, one object of this invention is to provide new and improvedlabor-saving methods and apparatus for dressing the backs of glazed,fired ware with precision and despatch to thereby render the ware devoidof burrs and smooth to the touch and sightly to the eye.

Another object is to provide for economically and expeditiously dressinglarge quantities of ware of various sizes and shapes with a minimum oftime and labor.

Still another object is to relieve the average pottery of a potential"bottleneck" in the ware dressing department. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation showing a. manually-controlled and operatedmachine embodying the prin- 5 ciples of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of the machine of Fig. 1. 7

Fig. 3 shows a modified form of the jaw chuck structure illustrated inFig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a bottom-plan view of the dressing the line 0-8 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 8 withcertain of the parts broken away. 1 is an enlarged detail of one of 'thetool carriers shown in Fig. 1' with another form of tool thereon.

Fig. 11 is a detail section taken on the line lI-ll of Fi 10. V

Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional detail of the tool and associated partsseen in Fig. 11.

fact, the back of the piece will have a smooth 6o Fig. 13 is an enlargedview partly in section and partly in elevation of another form ofdressing tool.

Fig. 14 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation of stillanother form of dressin tool.

Fig. 15 is a bottom plan view of the tool shown m Fig. 14.

. Fig. 16 is an enlarged view in section of a portion of a piece of wareas taken across one of the burrs.

Figs. 17 and 18 are fragmentary sectional views illustrative of theappearance of burrs after they have been dressed by chipping andgrinding respectively. v

The operation of removing burrs" is one which I shall refer to as thatof dressing the ware.

The glaze which covers the ware provides a hard-transparentwear-resistance surface not ordinarily marred or scratched by chippingtools which are in the nature of edged implements that slide over thesurface of the ware and shear off the burr. On the other hand, glaze canbe scrapped and marred by grinding and therefore any grinders disclosedherein will have the grinding wheel supported slightly above theglazedsurface of the ware and out of contact therewith so that during relativerotation a line or circle will not be cut into the glazed surface. Thesevarious tools which I employ for removing the burrs will be generallyreferred to as dressing tools."

It has been mentioned that the ware rests on three sagger pins duringfiring and that the pins are spaced apart in order to provide athree-point support for the ware. The point of contact of the pins withthe ware may or may not be equidistant from the center of the ware.Ordinarily,

these points of contact as represented by the burrs on the glazedarticle are found to fall some place within an inch or so of the brim.Therefore, the

.location of the burrs in a radial direction from designed to compensatefor this variable factor.

In the average pottery, theware is unloaded from the kiln and placed ona conveyor which delivers the fired material to the dressing department.In the dressing department, the manual workers are ranged alongside theconveyor which carries the ware in an endless circuit past the kiln andthrough the dressing department until the ware is eventually removed bythe dresser and processed. It is customaryfor the dresser to sit on alow stool because the ware is usually handled in stacks of a dozen or sopieces that are heavy to lift. Being close to the floor, the dresserdoes not have to lift the ware so high and therefore does not become sofatigued as if the ware had been lifted to a table height. The machineoi. Fig.

1 is designed rest on the floor and to be operated by a dresser whilesitting on a low stooi as is customary. The machine of Fig. 1 may beplaced on a table or on legs and operated from a standing position. r

. The machine of Fig. 1 is designed to handle one piece of ware at atime, that is to say. it is equipped to dress a single piece of ware ata time.

With reference to Fig. 1, the machine illustrated therein which I shallcall a manual machine" has a base I with uprights 2 and 3 supporting ahorizontal frame member 4. Reciprocably and rotatably mounted in spacebearings audit is a vertical shaft 1 carrying the chuck 8, Figs. 1 to 7,arranged to be raised and lowered to move an inverted piece of ware 9;for instance a sauce: into and out of cooperate relation with overheaddressing apparatus III to therebyremove the burrs from the back of theware upon relative rotation between the ware and the dressing apparatus.The machine illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9 is equipped to rotate either theware or the dressing tools.

eitherone or both depending on the operator's choice.

The chuck 8, Fig. 8. includes a disc-like base l4 having a hub IS on thetop end of which is centrally supported a ware positioning disc [6 ofwhich a number may be provided for various sizes of ware. Said dlscs aredetachably mounted on the chuck base and have a taper bore I! to bereceived over the conical head I8 of a screw ii! for holding the chuckbase on the end of the shaft 1. Ware is placed on the disc It with thechuck in lowered position as shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 8. Whenthe ware is placed on the disc, it forms with a depression 20, in thedisc it, a chamber 2| which is vacuumized when the chuck is raised togrip the ware to the disc. A central rubber disc 30 clamped on the hub[5 by screw I9.

As seen in'Figs. 8 and 9, the positioning disc extends beyond the hub l5and the sealing disc an normally rests upon radial 'fins 3| of the chuckbase I. This.arrangement permits depression of the seal disc so that thedresser may insert the fingers of the hand under the edge of the'warepiece to remove the ware from the chuck.

As a substitute for; or in addition to the disc I 6, the ware may beheld in centrally located position on the chuck b a jaw chuck comprisinga plurality of arms 32 grouped in a circle on the chuck base andarranged to swing into the ware-holding position as the chuck is raised.The fingers are rotated on their pivots 30 into and out ofware-centering-and holding position in response to elevation andlowering of the chuck shaft. ment of the fingers includes a stationarycam 33, Fig. *8, on the bearing 6, a spring-pressed '1ever 34, Fig. 7fulcrum'ed on the under side of illustrated.

The lever 34 may be mounted on the hub of the gear segment 35, see Fig.7 for angular ad- Justment by means of a set 'screw $0 to permitadjustment of the jaws to actuate ware of differentdiameters. The.fingers are resiliently urged into engagement with the edge oi the wereby a compression spring 44 acting on the lever 34 and backed up by anadjustable stop 45, or screw in a lug 46 of thechuck base to regulatethe pressure engagement of the fingers. The fin. gers arepreferably-rubber-tipped as at 45' to prevent injuryto the edge of'theware. In the case of ripple-edged ware, each finger may be The apparatusfor causing such move-' crank pivoted on the machine frame. The otherarm of the bellcrank is connected to a collar 50 pinned to the shaft 1and rotatable therewith and pivoted on the pin. When the foot lever isreleased, the chuck is raised by an enclosed spring 5| which engages-thepiston 53 on shaft I. The reduced lower end of the shaft is carried inthe bushing 52. During the final upward movement of the chuck, its rateof travel is rotated in order to gently engage the work with the tools.This is accomplished by the retarded dissipation of vacuum created inthe cylinder as the piston 53 enters the reduced upper end thereof.

The rate of retarded upward movement of the chuck may be regulated by aport vent 55 and valve 55.

When the chuck is raised, it may be rotated by means of a weight 60which transmits rotation to the shaft I through a cable would about apulley 62 on a sleeve 03 supported in the bearings about the shaft I andtransmitting rotation to the shaft from the pulley through a sliding keyconnection 0 3 with the shaft and a pawl and ratchet connection 65 withthe pulley. The weight end of the cable is supported over an idler 66and its other end is connected with a top end of a lever 51 having anabutment 68 arranged in the path of the foot lever 48 to be operatedthereby when the chuck is lowered and the weight 00 raised. When thefoot lever is released, the cable BI is held taut about the pulley 62 bya spring 69 which pulls on the lever 51 with less force than theweight.The weight 60 reciprocates in an upright cylinder I l having an airintake port I5 controlled by a check valve I5 and a vent 'II controlledby a valve I8 whereby the weight may be readily raised and its descentcontrolled to regulate the rate of rotation of the chuck. The weight 00may have an upright stem I9 on which may be placed any number of addedweights 80 to thereby regulate the speed of rotation of the chuck. Thedressing apparatus l ll, Figs. 1 to 4, inelusive, includes'a number oftools 85 arranged in a circle about the axis of the were in the path ofthe burrs. One tool may be set to strike oif burrs in a given path andthe next tool set to strike off burrs in an adjacent path, it beingremembered that the burrs are not equi-distantly spaced in a radialdirection from the axis of the ware. If desired, the tools may be ofsufficient length to span the entire zone where the burrs normally occuras will be later explained.

Each tool is carried by a horizontal arm 85 pivoted at 86 on a side of asupporting hub 81 centrally located over the chuck and car--v ryingadjustable spring-pressed stops it engaging lever extensions 89 of thearms to resiliently resist downward movement of the arms about theirpivots. For regulation,- each stop may be in the form of the head of abolt 90. see Fig. 10, slidable in a sleeve 9| threaded in bearing 92 ofthe hub 81 with a coiled spring 93 adjustably held under compressionbetween the sleeve and -bolt head by nuts 94 on the bolts engaging thesleeve. After the spring has been adjusted for compression by shiftingthe bolt in the sleeve 9| the head of the bolt may be returned to itsoriginal or desired position in determining the normal position of thearm by adjusting the sleeve in the bearing 92 and lock-, ing same bymeans of a locknut 95 thereon.

The tools are mounted on the arms by means of wing nuts and bolts 96which pass through longitudinal slots 91 and 98 in the armsand toolsrespectively whereby the tools may be adjusted angularlyv crosswise andlongitudinally on the arms to operate on were of various sizes and'contour.

To reduce operation interference and increase the efliciency of theapparatus, each tool may comprise a shank portion I02, see Fig. 5slotted at its lower end as at I03 to form jaws I04 recessed at- I05 toreceive a blade I06 clamped therebetween by a screw I01 passing throughthe Jaws. The blade I00 may have a straight edge for chipping oil theburrs or the chipping edge may be contoured if the ware is-in the zonewhere the burrs occur. The blade 10B is preferably composed of hardmaterial such as Carboloy and is preferably rectangular in cross sectionto provide sharp-cutting edges. I08 which may be changed around inobvious fashion as the edges dull.

The hub 81 carrying the arms 85 is mounted on the bottom end of a shaftI supported in a hearing I I2 on a horizontal extension of bracket N3 ofcylindrical form mounted for vertical adjustment of a pedestal H4toelevate or lower the entire dressing apparatus with respect to theware.

If it is desired to rotate the ware only and to hold-the dressing toolstationary, a set screw H5 in the hearing I I2 may be tightened againstthe shaft III and the means for rotating the shaft' III disconnected. Ifit is desired to rotate the dressing tools rather than the chuck, a setscrew 8 on the bearing 5 may be used to lock the sleeve 63 therein withthe weight 60 in raised position, a set screw I in the wall of thecylinder It being provided to hold the weight inactive.

The dressing tools are rotated in the following manner: a motor I I8mounted on the bracket I I3 drives a crank I I9 through a variable speedpulley and belt drive I20. The crank operates a rack HI which isreciprocated and supported in a guide I22 swiveled on the bearing. I i2and a gear II meshing with the rack. The motion produced is anoscillating motion which has certain advantages, however, it should beperfectly clear that the motor shaft may be extended and the pulley I20raised to the level of the gear I23 which may be removedand replaced bypulley. A belt may connect the two pulleys in order to directly driveand continuously rotate the dressing tools.

Oscillating the tools or the ware for that matter has a distinctiveadvantage in that a burr I24, see Fig. 16 may be stuck on opposite sidesby the tool. In case a portion of the burr is knocked on when hit on oneside, the balance of the burr may be knocked off by striking it on theother side. It will be understood that the tool suspension is such thatthe tool may raise and ride over a stubborn burr and it may requirerepeated blows on the part of the tool or tools to dislodge and removethe burr. If the tools or were are rotated in one direction only, thesuccessively by the same tool or by different tools, and if the toolsorware are simply oscillated, the burr may be struck on both sidesby'the same tool or by the several tools. This act of chipping away atthe burr by delivering repeated blows thereto I23 on shaft I burr may bestruck I dislodge the same. considered as a combination grinding andchipnormal surface level of the back of the ware, leaving it smooth andsightly in appearance.

The action thus far described employed to remove the burrs has involvedchipping or shearing away by means of an edged tool however, the burrmay also be ground down by an abrasive tool which may be substitutediforthe edged tools or may be operated in conjunction with the edged tols.bysubstituting an abrasive tool for one of the edged tools.

The abrasive tool preferably employed with the machine of Fig. 1 isillustrated in Figs. 10, 11 and 12 and is shown as comprising a grindingwheel I" mounted on a motor shaft i3I driven by a motor'ifl. The base233 of the motor is attached to the lower end of a slotted bracket I byuniversal joint I34. The bracket I 35 is mounted on the arm 85 in thesame fashion as the arm 84 carrying an edged tool is mounted thereon.

One of the sides of the grinding wheel is used to remove the burrsrather than the periphery of the wheel. In Fig. 10, the wheel iscentrally recessed at I 36 so as to countersink the attached nut. Theabrasive wheel grindsat an angle relative to the surface of the were andthe degree of angularity may be such that the burr is progressivelyground oi as the wheel travels over the same, this being illustrated bythe relative position of the ware and the grinding wheel in Fig. 10.

It has been mentioned that the grinding wheel does not contact thesurface of the ware and while it'could probably be adjusted so that itwould not touch, there are sometimes variations in were thickness offractional proportions which would result in the wheel coming in contactwith the ware. In order to avoid this, a metal shield may be thrownaround the grinding wheel and projected fractionally below the cuttingsurface in order to space the cutting surface slightly above the surfaceof the ware. The shield or guard is preferably composed of hard metalhaving its ware-contacting surface ground down smooth so that it willslide over the surface of the were without marring or scratching thesame. This shield due to its hardness and edged character may also actto deliver a blow to the burr or to the vestiges of the burr to furthertend to Therefore, this tool may be ping tool. Said guard is in the formof a sleeve whose bottom edge I39 is preferably tapered inwardly. It isthreadedon a sleeve of the motor for wearing off th grinding surface ofthe ware.

4 The locknut I on the stem I40 holds the guard in adjusted position.

The motor I32 may be energized from a ma power line I42 by distributorI43 on the hub 81 and conductors I44 leading to a rheostat I45 .therebyregulating the speed of rotation of the grinding wheel. 4

'Another form of rotating tool that may be employed on the'motor shaftI3I isshown in Fig. 13. This tool has a cylindrical head I46 providedwith a plurality of blade-like burr removing implements I41 havingcutting edges I48 which rest on the surface of the were as the tool isrotated. The tools will rotate over two points of the path of travel ofthe burrs and strike them on one side and then on the other in rapidsuccession in ("iii blades are adjustable in the slots for alignmentwith their cutting edges by set screws ISI in threaded. bores I52extending within the slots. Guards I38 are not used with this type ofdressing tool and may be raised out of operating position.

The modified form of cutter I46 shown in Figs. 14 and 15 has a head I86with a plurality of arouate leaf springs I58 attached to the undersideof the head by screws I58. Blades I51 are secured to the free ends ofthe leaf springs. To regulate the tension of the springs, each isprovided with a shiftable fulcrum I80 interposed between the same andthe cutter body and being in the form of an interned ear on a ring |8Imounted for rotative adjustment on the body by screw and slotconnections I 82 to shift the fulcrums in varying the effective lengthsof the springs. The springs may be received in recesses I83 in the earsI60 whereby the ears will further serve to hold the springs againstedgewise movement during the dressing operation.

The springs insure that the blades will remain in contact with the weresurface where there are variations in the level of the were surface onwhich the tools are operating. For instance, where the tool is beingoperated near the brim of a piece of flatware, oppositely disposedblades are alternately aligned tangentially and laterally of the conicalor sloping side of the were as they rotate thereof in the path of theburrs. The springs will cause the blades to remain in intimate contactwith the surface. although the operating lever of the blades will varyduring a complete revolution about the axis of the motor what a burr maylook like after it has been 'base I43, Fig. 10, for adjustment tocompensate cracked ofi by the edged burr removing tools and/or grounddown by the grinding implements. A low prominence Y, substantially flaton top and almost flush with the surrounding surface of the ware andtherefore barely noticeable remains.

Any one of the grinding wheels shown: and described herein may have thegrinding surface thereof composed of industrial diamonds or the "like inorder to reduce tool wear and eliminate the need for frequent adjustmentto compensate for wear.

It will be understood that the holder for the edged tools may bepivotally mounted on its supporting arm for swinging movement in onedirection, movement in the other direction being arrested by a stop.This arrangement is advantageous where the tool or ware is oscillated,the object being to produce a working stroke and an idle stroke, thetool simply riding over the burr on the idle stroke.

Obviously, the method and apparatus hereof would remove from the wereany other unwanted protuberances which project above the level of 1 thesurface of the ware, for instance stray bits or scraps of clay which mayescape the spongers notice and become glazed over in firing. Ordinarily,the piece would be rejected for imperfections of this character, howeverwith the present method and apparatus, these protuberanccs would also beremoved along with the burrs thereby rendering salable a piecev whichmight glazed, hardened surface of a fired ware piece, a

floating mounting for said implement enabling it to float up and down onthe surface of the were and pass smoothly thereover in position to actupon the burrs projecting thereabove, a were support, manually operatedmeans for relatively moving the were support and implement support tobring the implement and were into deburring position, and means foroscillating the ware support and implement support, either one or bothto effect the removal of burrs by oscillatory motion.

2. A pottery dressing machine having an angularly movable burr removingimplement for detaching the burrs from the back of glazed, hardened,potteryware, a counterbalance for supporting some of the weight of theimplement to permit it to pass smoothly over the surface of the were andmanually actuated means for feeding the were to the implement,

3. A pottery dressing machine having an oscillatable, angularly movableburr removing implement for detaching the burrs from the back of glazed,hardened potteryware, fa counterbalance for supporting some of theweight of the implement to permit it to follow surface irregularities ofthe ware and pass smoothly thereover, means for controlling theamountand speed of oscillation and manually actuated means for feedingthe ware to the implement.

4. A pottery dressing machine having an oscillatable, angularly movableburr removing implement for detaching the burrs from the back of glazed,hardened potteryware, a counterbalance for supporting some of the weightof the implement to permit it to follow surface irregularities of theware'and pass smoothly thereover, means for controlling the amount andspeed of oscilla-' tion and manually actuated means for feeding the wareto the implement, including means for oscillating the ware.

5. A pottery dressing machine having an oscillatable, angularly movableburr removing implement for detaching the burrs from the back of glazed,hardened potteryware, a support for said implement, an adjustablecounterbalance for supporting the weight of the supportand implement tothereby permit the implement to rest on the surface of the ware and passsmoothly thereover while following surface irregularities,.a variablespeed drive for oscillating said support and manually actuated means forfeeding the ware to the implement.

6. A pottery dressing machine having an oscillatable, angularly movableburr removing implement for detaching the burrs from the back of glazed,hardened potteryware, a pivotedsupport .for said implement on which theimplement is movable to various positions of adjustment relative to theware, an adjustable counterbalance for predeterminin'g and controllingthe pressure of the implement against the work, means for oscillatingthe support, means for regulating the speed of oscillation, a manuallyoperable means for feeding the ware to the implement and means foroscillating said ware, the burrs being removed by oscillatory motionbetween the implement and ware.

7 A pottery dressing machine having an oscillatable, ang-ularly movableburr removing implement for detaching burrs from the back of glazed,hardened potteryware, a pivoted support for said implement on which theimplement is movable to various positions of adjustment, a holder forsaid support rotatable about an axis, a rack and gear for oscillatingsaid support, an adjustable speed drive for oscillating said rack, amanually operable means including a ware support for feeding the ware tothe implement and an adjustable speed drive for rotating said weresupport operated in conjunction with said ware feeding means.

8. A pottery dressing machine having dressing means including arotatable burr removing implement mounted for oscillation about a givenaxis and for angular movement about another axis, a pivoted support forsaid implement, a counterbalance for supporting some of the weight ofthe dressing means to permit the dressin means to pass smoothly over thesurface of the ware, means for oscillating said support including anadjustable speed drive, a were support and manually operated means forrotating it.

9. A pottery dressing machine having ware dressing means including arotatable grinder for grinding down burrs projecting above the surfaceof glazed, fired potteryware and a member associated with said grinderhaving an edged surface for chipping ofi burrs and for spacing saidgrinder above the surface of the ware, a pivoted holder for saiddressing means, a counterbalance for supporting some of the weight ofsaid dressing means to permit it to ride smoothly over the ware surface,means for supporting the ware and manually operated means for feedingthe ware to the dressing means.

10. A pottery dressing machine having a plurality of burr "removingimplements arranged in a circle about a given axis, means foroscillating said implements, about said axis, a pivoted support for eachimplement, means associated with each. support for counterbalancing theweight thereof and permitting the implements to move angularly up anddown about the pivot as irregularities in the surface of the were areencountered, a ware support, means for moving the ware support towardand away from said implements and means for rotating said ware supportincluding a manually operable drive therefor.

11. A pottery dressing machine having an implement for detaching burrsfrom the back of glazed fired potteryware, a holder from which saidimplement is resiliently suspended to permit the implement to strike theburrs a side blow and ride over the stub, means for rotating the holder,a pivoted support for said holder having a coun terbalance associatedtherewith, means for oscillating said support and manually operatedmeans for feeding the ware to said implement.

12. A pottery dressing machine having an implement holder, means forrotating said holder, a support for said holder, a counterbalance forsupporting some of the weight of said holder,

means for oscillating said support, an implement attached to said holderby a resilient connection, a ware support and manually operated meansfor supporting some of the':weight of said holder, means for oscillatingsaid support, an implement attached to said support having a pluralityoi? chisel-like formations, means ,for rotating said mp e e t, a weresupport and manually operinto and out of dressing position to grip andre- I lease the were, a shaft on which said were support is mounted,means for rotating said shaft including a pedal actuamd drive mechanismand means slidably connected to said shaft for raising and lowering thewere support relative to the implement.

15. A potmry dressing machine having a dressmg implement, asupport'therefor, an elevatable ware support therebelow includingsuction means for gripping the were thereto and were centering means,means for operating said suction means and said ware gripping means uponelevation of the were support, a shaft on which said ware support ismounted, a dashpot for resisting move-- ment of the shaft in onedirection, pedal operated mechanism for rotating said shaft and manuallyoperated means for raising and lowering said were support relative tosaid implement.

16. In combination, a rotatable burr removing implement and a rotatableand recip eb'e ware support therebelow, said were support having meansfor centering the ware thereon and gripping the were thereto, acableopera ted drive for rotating said ware support and a manuallyopgated means for reciprocating said ware sup p 17. A. pottery deburringmachine comprising a burr removing implement for removing burrs from theglazed, hardened surface or fired potteryware, means for feeding saidware toward said implement comprising a manually movable ware said toolcomprising a manually movable ware support having associated therewithmeans for rotating the support, a movable implement support above theware support including an angularly movable implement holder arranged topermit continuous variation in the angular position of the implementrelative to the pivotal axis of the holderto enable the implement tofollow the Wine surface regardless of irregularities therein and toshear across the burrs at the level of the surface of the 'ware.

19. Apparatus for deburring glazed, fired potteryware comprisingyirrcombinatipn, a deburring implement and an angular-1y movable support forsaid implement constructed and arranged to allow the implement to passsmoothly over the glazed surface of the. were without acting thereon andto act on the burrs projecting thereabove, a

ware support and manually operated means for moving one of the supportsrelative to the other to move the were and implement into deburringrelation.

20. Apparatus for deburrins glazed,- flred -pot-.

teryware comprising, in combination, a deburring implement and a supportfor said implement constructed and arranged to allow the implement topass smoothly over the glazed surface of the were without actingthereonand to act on "the burrs projecting thereabove, a ware support, manuallyoperated means'i'or moving one of the supports relative to the other tomove the ware into de- 9 bin-ring position and means for moving theimplement and were relative to oneanother to effectadeburringoperation.

21. Apparatus for deburring glazed, fired potteryware comprising, incombination, a deburring l implement and a floating support for saidimplement formed to allow the implement to pass harmlessly over theglazed surface of the ware and act upon the burrs projecting thereabove,a

ware support, manually operated means for mov- 0 ing one of the supportsrelative to the other to bring the implement and ware into deburringposition and means for moving the implement and ware relative to oneanother to eifect a deburring operation.

22. Apparatus for deburring glazed, fired potteryware comprising, incombination, a deburring implement and a support for said implementformed to allow the implement to pass smoothly over the glazed surfaceof the ware without act- -80 log thereon, and to act on the burrsprojecting thereabove, a were support, means for angularly moving one ofthe supports relative to the other .to eflect a deburring operation andmanually operated means for moving one oi the supports 85 relative tothe other to bring the were and im- 49 support for said tool formed toallow it to pass smoothly over the glazed surface of the were withoutacting thereon and to act on the burrs projecting thereabove, a waresupport, means for angularly moving one of the supports relative to theother to effect a deburring operation and manually operated means formoving one of the supports relative to-the other to bring the were andimplementinto deburring relation.

24. Apparatus for deburring glazed, fired pct- 50 teryware comprising,in combination, a deburring implement in the form of a grinder, supportmeans for said grinder formed to allow it to pass over the glazedsurface of the were without acting thereon and to act on the burrsprojecting thereabove, a were support, means for angularly moving one ofthe supports relative to the other to eflect a deburring operation andmanually operated means for moving one of the supports relative to theother to bring the ware and implement into deburring relation.

25. Apparatus for deburring glazed, flred potteryware comprising, incombination, a deburring implement and a supporttherefor constructed andarranged to allow said implement to pass smooth- 15' over the glazedsurface of. the ware without acting thereon and to act on the burrsprojecting thereabove, a ware support, manually operated means formoving one of the supports relative to the other to bring the were anddeburring implement into deburring relation and means for angularlymoving both of the supports to effect deburrlng of the ware.

. WIILIAM J. MIILER.

